How can I compile and build a Phoenix application locally so that I can upload a compiled one to a server?

It sounds like that’s what you’ve already been doing… or have you been using your “destination server” as the build server for Edeliver? Because yes, you can absolutely build it locally, and then just deploy the packaged release (which should work with pretty much any Linux system, if built on Linux). No other dependencies needed.

This is the approach I’ve been using with Edeliver:

TL;DR - We build locally, in a Docker container, and then Edeliver ships off the release to the destination server(s).