opened LiveBook in my browser, imported the nx bumblebee example notebook, and tried to run the setup cell, but mix and rebar3 could not be found. I attached a shell to the container and ran mix local.hex and mix local.rebar after which the setup cell ran and all dependencies were installed successfully.
I wonder if it is something user specific? Elixir installs those for the current user and maybe Docker is running on a different user than the one who built it?
Good news is that Elixir will automatically install rebar and hex on Mix.install/2 in the next version, so this should no longer happen.