I would say that you can start by reading the hexdocs and have a general knowledge of what is possible to do with it.
Then depending of what you want to do with the application, might have several possibilities of optimizations / performance. I would recommend also if you are doing something with HTML/JavaScript to take a look into LiveView.
Here are some topics about specific things, but not necessary related to Phoenix.
https://medium.com/@ron.arts/optimizing-elixir-phoenix-performance-a50f7c92b9e4