One could build Meteor-like functionality on top of Elixir/Phoenix/Ecto/Postgres. But this is not how it works by default.
Phoenix is much like traditional web frmeworks: Symphony, Rails etc. plus it has a transport layer in form of Phoenix channels - server-side websocket/pooling server plus tiny JavaScript/iOS/Android library that uses it. These are buiilding blocks, but it’s a lower level than what you get in Meteor.