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                  peerreynders
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								<aside class="quote no-group" data-username="ilya-kolpakov" data-post="11" data-topic="12539">
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<img alt="" width="24" height="24" src="https://forum.elixirforum.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/i/3be4f8/48.png" class="avatar"> ilya-kolpakov:</div>
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<p>Well the module can be very well specified statically.</p>
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<p>My issue isn’t with the module. Static analysis would have to determine all the possible <code>module()</code>/<code>atom()</code> combinations that could arrive at an <code>apply/3</code> call site to infer the resulting sum type. <code>async/3</code> would have a similar issue exacerbated by the fact that it would have to correlate which <code>async</code>s can end up at each <code>await/2</code>.</p>
<p>Historically adding a static type system to <a href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/papers/erlang/erlang.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow ugc">Erlang failed</a> because the typing of the interprocess communication types is non-trivial and <code>async/3</code>/<code>await/2</code> involves interprocess communication.</p> 
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<img alt="" width="24" height="24" src="https://forum.elixirforum.com/user_avatar/forum.elixirforum.com/peerreynders/48/5826_2.png" class="avatar"> peerreynders:</div>
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<p>Historically adding a static type system to Erlang failed because the typing of the interprocess communication types is non-trivial and async/3/await/2 involves interprocess communication.</p>
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<p>That is precisely why I think alpaca’s current method and so forth is flawed.  All messages really <em>have</em> to be black-boxed, as you never know for sure what you will get.</p> 
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<img alt="" width="24" height="24" src="https://forum.elixirforum.com/user_avatar/forum.elixirforum.com/overminddl1/48/2677_2.png" class="avatar"> OvermindDL1:</div>
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<p>All messages really have to be black-boxed, as you never know for sure what you will get.</p>
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<p>One way to start might be to formulate typed channels that are conceptually superimposed onto the mailbox but then it would become necessary to attach a channel type to each PID so that <code>send</code> could validate the type of the sent message. However I imagine the real challenge would likely be the analysis of the dynamic process structure and resulting message flow - much less adding any type of <em>inference</em> to the whole thing.</p> 
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<p>One way to start might be to formulate typed channels that are conceptually superimposed onto the mailbox but then it would become necessary to attach a channel type to each PID so that send could validate the type of the sent message. However I imagine the real challenge would likely be the analysis of the dynamic process structure and resulting message flow - much less adding any type of inference to the whole thing.</p>
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<p>Yep, in OCaml I’d imagine something like:</p>
<pre data-code-wrap="ocaml"><code class="lang-ocaml">match receive do
| (~Ok, value) -&gt; Some value
| [] -&gt; None
| [value] -&gt; Some value
| _ -&gt; None
</code></pre>
<p>Or whatever, you’d have to match out exactly what you want, and by HM the two ‘value’ types would be unified so they’d have to be the same whether in the ok tuple or in the list (even if it does resolve to a generic ‘anything’ type that could then be matched on further later).</p> 
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								<p>Wow, really? It doesn’t expand them when processing the specs? I had no idea.</p> 
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								<p>Did you figure it out?</p>
<p>It really doesn’t sound right and would come as a huge shock to me.</p> 
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