This afternoon I got this working on Ubuntu 20.02 - just had to add a these dependencies, then asdf install erlang 24.0.
~> sudo apt -y install build-essential autoconf m4 libncurses5-dev libwxgtk3.0-gtk3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libpng-dev libssh-dev unixodbc-dev xsltproc fop libxml2-utils libncurses-dev openjdk-11-jdk
I had to reboot my system to get the asdf compile process to recognize the libraries - not sure why.
I’m seeing the following issues with asdf install erlang 24.0:
asdf_24.0 is not a kerl-managed Erlang/OTP installation
The asdf_24.0 build has been deleted
Extracting source code
Building Erlang/OTP 24.0 (asdf_24.0), please wait...
APPLICATIONS DISABLED (See: /Users/conradwt/.asdf/plugins/erlang/kerl-home/builds/asdf_24.0/otp_build_24.0.log)
* jinterface : Java compiler disabled by user
* jinterface : User gave --without-jinterface option
* odbc : User gave --without-odbc option
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION (See: /Users/conradwt/.asdf/plugins/erlang/kerl-home/builds/asdf_24.0/otp_build_24.0.log)
* wx : wxWidgets was not compiled with --enable-webview or wxWebView developer package is not installed, wxWebView will NOT be available
Build failed.
1 error generated.
gmake[3]: *** [Makefile:163: x86_64-apple-darwin20.4.0/wxe_wrapper_5.o] Error 1
1 error generated.
gmake[3]: *** [Makefile:163: x86_64-apple-darwin20.4.0/wxe_wrapper_6.o] Error 1
gmake[3]: Leaving directory '/Users/conradwt/.asdf/plugins/erlang/kerl-home/builds/asdf_24.0/otp_src_24.0/lib/wx/c_src'
gmake[2]: *** [/Users/conradwt/.asdf/plugins/erlang/kerl-home/builds/asdf_24.0/otp_src_24.0/make/otp_subdir.mk:29: opt] Error 2
gmake[2]: Leaving directory '/Users/conradwt/.asdf/plugins/erlang/kerl-home/builds/asdf_24.0/otp_src_24.0/lib/wx'
gmake[1]: *** [/Users/conradwt/.asdf/plugins/erlang/kerl-home/builds/asdf_24.0/otp_src_24.0/make/otp_subdir.mk:29: opt] Error 2
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/Users/conradwt/.asdf/plugins/erlang/kerl-home/builds/asdf_24.0/otp_src_24.0/lib'
gmake: *** [Makefile:498: libs] Error 2
The following will probably resolve your issue reagarding wxWidgets was not compiled with --enable-webview. At least it did for me.
sudo apt -y install libwxgtk-webview3.0-gtk3-dev
Here my asdf installation log for installing erlang 24.0 after installing the libwxgtk-webview3.0-gtk3-dev package :
rb@RB-WORK:~$ asdf install erlang 24.0
asdf_24.0 is not a kerl-managed Erlang/OTP installation
No build named asdf_24.0
Extracting source code
Building Erlang/OTP 24.0 (asdf_24.0), please wait…
Erlang/OTP 24.0 (asdf_24.0) has been successfully built
Installing Erlang/OTP 24.0 (asdf_24.0) in /home/rb/.asdf/installs/erlang/24.0…
You can activate this installation running the following command:
. /home/rb/.asdf/installs/erlang/24.0/activate
Later on, you can leave the installation typing:
kerl_deactivate
Cleaning up compilation products for
Cleaned up compilation products for under /home/rb/.asdf/plugins/erlang/kerl-home/builds
ln: failed to create symbolic link ‘./erl_call’: File existsErlang 24.0 has been installed. Activate globally with:
asdf global erlang 24.0Activate locally in the current folder with:
asdf local erlang 24.0
This fix worked for me as well
$ CPP=cpp EGREP=egrep asdf install erlang latest:24
Wait until this line appears:
Building Erlang/OTP 24.0 (asdf_24.0), please wait...
Then, quickly in another terminal:
configure$ printf ‘/if test “x$DED_LD” = “x”; then\ni\nunset DED_LD\n.\n\nw\nq\n’ | ed ~/.asdf/plugins/erlang/kerl-home/builds/asdf_24.0/otp_src_24.0/lib/crypto/configure
If you see No such file or directory, the file may yet to have generated by the build process. Try again a couple of seconds later.
If the patch is applied successfully, these few lines should appear (the numbers may be different on your side):
224018
if test "x$DED_LD" = "x"; then
if test "x$DED_LD" = "x"; then
224031
The build should continue as expected.
Above from: Can't install Erlang-24 due to openssl issues · Issue #371 · kerl/kerl · GitHub
to make copy/paste less painfull replaced smartypants
printf '/if test "x$DED_LD" = "x"; then\ni\nunset DED_LD\n.\n\nw\nq\n' | ed ~/.asdf/plugins/erlang/kerl-home/builds/asdf_24.0/otp_src_24.0/lib/crypto/configure
However still same error message for me 
Heroku buildpack is broken right now (used by a lot of different CI and PaaS systems).
https://github.com/elixir-buildpack/heroku-otp/actions/runs/834942137
I installed Erlang 24 / Elixir 1.12.0-rc.1-otp-24 under asdf (on Ubuntu 20.04 in wsl) without any build problems yesterday, but subsequent TLS connections (with a self-signed cert) to Phoenix apps fail. I only upgraded out of idle curiosity & being new to Elixir don’t have the knowledge to chase the issue, so just reverted.
Just mentioning in case anyone else experiences the same.
I just listened to Robert’s interview in this podcast: https://forum.elixirforum.com/t/elixir-wizards-season-6-beam-magic/39465?u=astonj and he talks a little bit about OTP 24 too - well worth a listen! 
Does JIT work in Docker?
Running hexpm/elixir:1.11.4-erlang-24.0-alpine-3.13.3 on windows dev machine and ubuntu prod server, both giving [jit:no-native-stack]. I guess it’s lacking some compile time flag, namely NATIVE_ERLANG_STACK.
Question is, CAN it compile with that flag in docker?