As a small update, the patch for user-mode emulated AArch64 has been accepted and will most likely make it into the next major version of QEMU.
x86-64 is not covered by the patch, and may take much longer to get in if it’s accepted at all, as the workaround might not be as palatable (invalidating all translated code everywhere on serializing instructions like cpuid).
Every time I forget about this I end up reading this post and also this one: BEAM docker release GitHub action - a GitHub action to build a docker container from a BEAM (Elixir/Erlang) release - #2 by asabil - Libraries - Erlang Programming Language Forum - Erlang Forums
TL;DR, adding ERL_FLAGS="+JPperf true" to your env vars should solve the issue with QEMU when building for linux/arm64 on a linux/amd64 host.