Looks like there was an issue I nixpkgs as well (erlang and elixir broken on macOS Sonoma · Issue #257880 · NixOS/nixpkgs · GitHub)
I’ve created a seperate issue for beam packages, since there is no workaround for those: Beam modules throw `bus error` in aarch64-darwin on macOS 14 Sonoma · Issue #258100 · NixOS/nixpkgs · GitHub