Enum functions are for running things serially. It might seem like you’d want to run everything concurrencly in a language that allows for such cheap concurrency, but there’s still a lot of times when serially running is the best choice. Either because logically the steps need to be sequential, or because even though concurrency in Erlang/Elixir is relatively cheap, it’s not free. So, in a contrived example, mapping over the range 1..100 and adding 1 to each element, is about 38x slower when done in parallel. Because we’re doing such a small amount of work in each step, the overhead of concurrency heavily outweighs any benefits of it. In contrast something like mapping over 1..10 and making a request to Google, is about 8x slower sequentially, than in parallel.

So maybe sequential is what you need, in which case Enum.map/2 will be the right tool. If you do want concurrency, something like this is a good starting point. map/2 will start a process for each item in the list, whereas map2/2-4 can be limited, so maybe you want a max of 5 processes started to process 100 things. There’s obviously even more you can do, like supervising the tasks, or more complex processing pipelines. Task is a good place to start. Broadway is a good place to start for the more complex processing.

defmodule PMap do
  def map(enum, fun) do
    Enum.map(enum, &Task.async(fn -> fun.(&1) end))
    |> Task.await_many()
  end
  
  def map2(enum, fun, concurrency \\ 10, timeout \\ :infinity) do
    Task.async_stream(enum, &fun.(&1), max_concurrency: concurrency, timeout: timeout)
    |> Stream.map(fn {:ok, val} -> val end)
    |> Enum.to_list()
  end
end

Enum.map runs serially, as do all the Enum functions.

For parallel processing you can use this

list
|> Task.async_stream(fn x -> x + 1 end)
|> Enum.to_list()