Background
Let’s assume I have a string, which I need to convert to a stream, process and then return the processed result as a string to be printed.
The following 1 liner ( ready to copy and paste into iex
) exemplifies this:
fun = fn str -> str |> StringIO.open() |> (fn { :ok, stream } -> stream end).() |> Stream.filter( fn c -> c == "e" end) |> to_string() end
The more readable version:
fun = fn str ->
str
|> StringIO.open()
|> (fn { :ok, stream } -> stream end).()
|> Stream.filter( fn c -> c == "e" end)
|> to_string()
end
There are several ways to improve this code snippet, but my focus right now is just to make it work .
This is supposed to only return the characters that are equal to ‘e’ in a given string. Example:
fun.("hello") # "e"
Problem
The problem here is that the last step of the pipeline blows up to_string()
doesn’t seem to be compatible with the stream protocol, even though I am transforming a string from the start.
Question
How can I convert a stream to a string ?
Surely you want to put it into a string: unless I’m misreading this code I dont understand how you can do what you’re trying to do in any language, not just Elixir*? The stream is a different type of thing entirely - to_string is going to attempt to convert a representation of a stream into a string and explode, you need to tell it exactly what you want to do with that representation, which you aren’t currently doing
* eg if you had some other language with streams that is more lax, say like JS (Node), and you applied toString, you’ll just get a [probably garbage] representation of the current state of the object being used
1 Like
DanCouper:
eg if you had some other language with streams that is more lax, say like JS (Node), and you applied toString, you’ll just get a [probably garbage] representation of the current state of the object being used
You’d get a list of bytes, which are chars.
So, how to I put this Stream into a string to show ? Keep in mind that this Stream was originally a string to begin with !
https://hexdocs.pm/elixir/Enum.html#into/2
You need to pipe the stream into the thing you want, to_string is just going to try to give you a string representation of the stream itself, which isn’t really logical
What I mean is that it should make no difference what the input is: what you seem to be saying is that you’re expecting to_string functions (again in any language) to do too much - in this case to be able to infer via a set of piped calls that you haven’t done anything to that original string (converted it to a set of function calls for example, or maps, or structs or whatever).
Or you get [Object object]
1 Like
iex(1)> open = fn str -> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open(str); pid end
#Function<6.127694169/1 in :erl_eval.expr/5>
iex(2)> "eabcdefge" |> open.() |> IO.binstream(1) |> Stream.filter(&(&1=="e"))|> Enum.join("")
"eee"
iex(3)>
StringIO.open/2
doesn’t create a stream - it creates an IO device. That is essentially a process that “speaks” the Erlang IO protocol . So what is returned is a process identifier of that process.
IO.binstream/2
“talks” to that process and turns the data into a stream. IO.binstream(pid,1)
streams 1 byte at a time.
Stream.filter(&(&1=="e"))
gets to inspect each byte (rather than a grapheme) as a bitstring (strings are binaries. A binary is always a bitstring but not all bitstrings are binaries).
Enum.join("")
pulls the data through the stream and joins all the strings. Enum.into/2
works because Collectable
is implemented for: BitString
.
3 Likes
An array of objects? Or is that a list of objects? Elixir doesn’t have objects regardless though.
But overall streams are functions, they perform actions on a restricted set at a time, just need to convert it to a reified list of something stringable then join them, like iodata is what I’d recommend.
iex(1)> fun = fn str ->
...(1)> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open(str)
...(1)> pid
...(1)> |> IO.binstream(1)
...(1)> |> Stream.filter(&(&1=="e"))
...(1)> |> Enum.to_list()
...(1)> |> IO.iodata_to_binary()
...(1)> end
#Function<6.127694169/1 in :erl_eval.expr/5>
iex(2)> fun.("eabcdefge")
"eee"
iex(3)>
IO.iodata_to_binary/1
Hi all
Could someone please explain me what is IOData?
Thanks
2 Likes
[Object object]
is an example of what you’d get in javascript when a variable is silently coerced into a string.
For example:
var obj = new Object();
alert(obj); // Prints "[object Object]"
Which can sometimes cause surprising behaviors:
var hash = {};
hash[{a: 1}] = 42;
console.log(hash); // Prints {"[object Object]": 42}
Only surprising if you treat JS Objects as Maps:
Objects and maps compared :
The keys of an Object
are Strings
and Symbols
, whereas they can be any value for a Map
, including functions, objects, and any primitive.
> const key = {a: 1};
> const val = 42;
> let hash = new Map([[key,val]]);
> console.log(hash);
Map(1) {{…} => 42}
> console.log(hash.get(key));
42
1 Like
I’m not sure javascript is a good example of string coercion though. ^.^
Run this in the browser console for example:
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^.^;
Yes? But objects are not maps, and people that treat them as such invariable see broken stuff like that, in addition to much slower code due to megaphormic calls. Use a Map
in JS instead.
I used JS as an example because most of the time it won’t blow up even if the attempted coercion is not really sane (I wouldn’t really say trying to convert a stream directly to a string [vs piping a stream into the thing required] is sane for aforementioned reasons)
Though… in any ‘sane’ language I’d argue that nonesensical coercions like that shouldn’t even compile at all.
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