If you’re speaking about how it works on a recent phoenix apps boilerplate code – no you don’t need any external dependencies. The downloaded binaries of esbuild and tailwind work standalone. But hard to say how far your project might have been customized from there.
By “fairly old” do you mean the versions of Elixir/Erlang are also fairly old?
That could be the problem, but it’s hard for us to say without seeing the error. Node is not required, though it used to be several years ago so if you find an old enough tutorial it might be mentioned.
This is a bad instruction error from Bun (used by the Tailwind standalone CLI), likely caused by your CPU not supporting AVX(2) (because it’s old). The Bun baseline builds they use should prevent this, but it seems to be happening to some people on Macs for some reason. No telling why it’s happening to you.
Either way this does not appear to be an Elixir issue. Try downloading the standalone CLI (the link is right there) and executing it manually. It should fail for the same reason, and then you can report that to Tailwind or Bun if you please.