svilen
JSON-encode modified Ecto Schema
As far as I know, the recommended (and easiest) way to JSON-encode your Ecto Schema in Phoenix is using the Poison.Encoder like so:
defmodule MyApp.Web.User do
use MyApp.Web, :model
@derive {Poison.Encoder, only: [:first_name, :last_name, :email]}
schema "users" do
field :first_name, :string
field :last_name, :string
field :email, :string
# ...
timestamps()
end
end
That works great as it allows me to simply return the User schema in a show.json Phoenix.View, for example, and then Poison would pick it up and serialize it.
However, I’m not sure what’s the best way to go if you want to do something extra, before returning the schema from the View.
Let’s say the user has a last_login field that I’d like to convert from UTC to a specific timezone. The actual timezone string identifier is not part of the User schema, so it needs to be fetched separately. Also I would like to add a field that’s not part of the original User schema. Right now, I’m constructing a new Map and returning it from the Phoenix.View, like so:
defmodule MyApp.Web.UserView do
use MyApp.Web, :view
def render("show.json", %{....}) do
# ...
tz = organization.timezone
%{
first_name: user.first_name,
last_name: user.last_name,
org_name: organization.name,
last_login: Timex.Timezone.convert(user.last_login, tz)
}
end
end
That seems to work, but I’m not very keen on this approach as it is a lot of duplicated code; also if I want to return a list of 1000 users, this will construct 1000 maps just for encoding, which is not great.
Is there a better way to do this?
P.S. Forum moderators: I’m not sure if this topic belongs to the Phoenix, Ecto or a different category, so feel free to move it if it makes sense!
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wmnnd
You could make use of Ecto’s virtual fields in order to add this key to your Schema struct and then have it encoded without creating a whole new Map.
Virtual fields on Ecto Schemas can be set and read but Ecto will not try to persist them to your database.
And since Ecto Schemas are really just normal Elixir structs, you can also simply update the value of your last_login field with the formatted string without it having any impact on your stored data.
benwilson512
Premature optimization comes with its own set of issues though. Suppose you go for the poison encoder route, to avoid creating some intermediate data. You’ve now tied your model to one very specific representation of JSON. What if you want an additional API endpoint where you serialize users differently? You’re out of luck, there can only be one implementation of a protocol per struct. There’s more on this in a nice blog post here: JSON Views in Phoenix | RokkinCat
Functional programming generally produces a lot of intermediate data, but since this is known, the BEAM (and other functional platforms) are built around handling this well. Immutable data means that very little actually needs to be copied, because you can point to a lot of the same data you were already pointing too since you know it won’t ever change. Garbage collectors are written to efficiently handle this kind of workload, and so on.
At the end of the day, you don’t want to make architectural decisions about how you relate your view layer to your modeling layer on the basis of what might gain you a couple of microseconds within a request that is already at a minimum gonna be several milliseconds.
OvermindDL1
Or if you really only want it in the json and not elsewhere then just make your own poison protocol to serialize out your schema. It is very simple to do and you can see how to do it via the docs or source. 
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