I was following this thread due to how common this use case is as expressed by @stefanchrobot and and the solution @josevalim gave seemed interesting and simple.

So I went and code it myself as I understood the use case and Task documentation (https://hexdocs.pm/elixir/1.5/Task.html#content).

It took me a while to grasp but this is the code. Please correct me if there is anything I misunderstood:

1. Crete the project

   mix new stask --sup
   cd stask 
   mix deps.get
   

2. The supervision tree

   defmodule Stask.Application do
   @moduledoc false
   use Application
   
   def start(_type, _args) do
     children = [
       {Task.Supervisor,
         name: Stask.TaskSupervisor,
         restart: :temporary
       }
     ]
     opts = [strategy: :one_for_one, name: Stask.Supervisor]
     Supervisor.start_link(children, opts)   
     end
   end
   

3. The basic task

    defmodule Stask do
      def some_task(text) do
        # Some hard work
        Process.sleep(15000)
        # Final result
        {:ok, "Hello #{text}"}
      end
    end
   

4. The GenServer

   defmodule Stask.Server do
   use GenServer
   
   ## Client API
   
   def start() do
     GenServer.start(__MODULE__, nil, name: __MODULE__)
   end
   
   def execute_task(pid, name, task_timeout) do
     GenServer.cast(pid, {:execute, name, task_timeout})
   end
   
   ## Server Callbacks
   
   def init(_) do
     Process.flag(:trap_exit, true)
     {:ok, %{msg: "", timer: "", timeout: ""}}
   end
   
   def handle_cast({:execute, name, task_timeout}, state) do
     task = Task.Supervisor.async(Stask.TaskSupervisor, Stask, :some_task, [name])
     timer_ref = Process.send_after(self(), {:kill, task}, task_timeout)
     {:noreply, %{state | timer: timer_ref}}
   end
   
   ## Handle info functions
   
   # This handle function executes when the task has timed out
    def handle_info({:kill, task}, state) do
      # Do some book keeping here
      IO.puts("Task has been canceled due to time out")
      # You can specify how much time you can wait a task to exit. If it
      # does not exit in this treshold time it will be killed 
      # The default time is 5000ms. You can have Task.shutdown(task, 2000).
      # You can also kill it immediatly. Task.shutdown(task, :brutal_kill)
      # Check documentation: https://hexdocs.pm/elixir/1.5/Task.html#shutdown/2
      case Task.shutdown(task) do
        {:ok, _reply} ->
          # Do some book keeping, the task responded while the task was
          # been shutdown
          IO.puts("The task responded while it was shutting down")
        {:exit, _reason} -> 
          # Do seme book keeping, if task dies while it was waiting for
          # shutdown
         IO.puts("The task died before just it was shutdown")
       nil -> 
         # Do some book kepping, the task was shutdown
         IO.puts("The task was shutdown")
      end
    {:noreply, state}
   end
   
   # This handle_info functions receives the message when the task 
   # finished successfully in time
   def handle_info({_ref, {:ok, msg}}, state) do
       # Do some book keeping, the task finish successfully
       IO.puts("Task finished successfully")
       Process.cancel_timer(state.timer)
   
       {:noreply, %{state | msg: msg}}
    end
   
   # Once the task finised successfully, it exits normally.
   # This handle_info function responds to this message.
   def handle_info({:EXIT, _pid, :normal}, state) do
      # Do some book keeping
      IO.puts("The task exited and finished normally")
   
      {:noreply, state} 
   end
   
   # Finally, when the task, the caller receives a DOWN message.
   # In this case the caller was the GenServer.
   def handle_info({:DOWN, _ref, :process, _pid, :normal}, state) do
     # Do some book keeping one the task goes down
     IO.puts(state.msg)
   
     {:noreply, state}
   end
   
   end
   

I might be a few years late but here’s what I did today:

defmodule Utils.Worker do
  @moduledoc """
  - Needs:
    - timeout
    - function to run

  """
  @callback run_job(params :: any()) :: any()
  @callback job_ok(params :: any(), result :: any()) :: any()
  @callback job_error(params :: any(), result :: any()) :: any()

  defmacro __using__(opts) do
    quote location: :keep, bind_quoted: [opts: opts] do
      @behaviour Utils.Worker
      @task_timeout Keyword.get(opts, :task_timeout) || 10_000
      @task_supervisor Keyword.get(opts, :task_supervisor)

      @test_jobs [
        %{id: 1, config_id: 1},
        %{id: 2, config_id: 1},
        %{id: 3, config_id: 3},
        %{id: 4, config_id: 1},
        %{id: 5, config_id: 2},
        %{id: 6, config_id: 4},
        %{id: 7, config_id: 4},
        %{id: 8, config_id: 5},
        %{id: 9, config_id: 5},
        %{id: 10, config_id: 5},
        %{id: 11, config_id: 5},
        %{id: 12, config_id: 5}
      ]
      use GenServer
      # ************************************************************
      # API (Client)
      # ************************************************************

      def start_link(_) do
        GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, %{}, name: __MODULE__)
      end

      @impl true
      def init(_) do
        {:ok, %{}}
      end

      def start_jobs(jobs \\ @test_jobs) do
        GenServer.cast(__MODULE__, {:sync_data, jobs})
      end

      # ************************************************************
      # Callbacks (Server)
      # ************************************************************

      @impl true
      def handle_cast({:sync_data, test_jobs}, state) do
        # This is kinda sketchy
        task_map =
          Enum.map(
            test_jobs,
            fn x ->
              task =
                Task.Supervisor.async_nolink(@task_supervisor, fn -> run_job(x) end)

              timer_ref = Process.send_after(self(), {:timeout, task}, @task_timeout)

              {task.ref, %{params: x, timer_ref: timer_ref}}
            end
          )
          |> Map.new()

        {:noreply, Map.merge(state, task_map)}
      end

      # If the task times out
      @impl true
      def handle_info({:timeout, task}, state) do
        Process.exit(task.pid, :timeout)

        {:noreply, state}
      end

      # If the task fails
      @impl true
      def handle_info({:DOWN, task_ref, _type, task_pid, reason}, state) do
        task_state = Map.get(state, task_ref)

        new_state = Map.delete(state, task_ref)

        Process.cancel_timer(task_state.timer_ref)
        # Process.demonitor(task_ref, [:flush])

        job_error(task_state.params, reason)

        {:noreply, new_state}
      end

      # If the task succeeds
      @impl true
      def handle_info({task_ref, result}, state) do
        # The task succeed so we can cancel the monitoring and discard the DOWN message
        task_state = Map.get(state, task_ref)

        new_state = Map.delete(state, task_ref)

        Process.cancel_timer(task_state.timer_ref)
        Process.demonitor(task_ref, [:flush])

        job_ok(task_state.params, result)

        {:noreply, new_state}
      end
    end
  end
end

Thanks for the response, that’s really helpful!

Things really clicked when I realized that tasks run under Task.Supervisor are always linked to that supervisor. Task.Supervisor.async and Task.Supervisor.async_nolink are used to decide whether to link (or not) to the caller of those functions, which should be a GenServer that should probably do something about the messages from the tasks.

Then I also realized that if I want to do any extra bookkeeping after the tasks complete, it has to be done in some GenServer, not in a supervisor.

Once I’m done with my stuff, I’d like to work on a PR to improve the docs for the Task.Supervisor.