Well, responding to the original @rower687 question, I have a tangible example of an advantage of the “let it crash” philosophy: if you take it to extreme levels, you would not put clauses matching all result on your cases anymore.
The argument for this is just what @sasajuric said:
Excerpting it a little bit: exceptions like CaseClauseError are better errors to get than unexpected values escaping out of your own code.
I’ve posted this (with an example) on another topic: